The first area of the questionnaire appliance contains issues towards socio-demographic qualities from nearest and dearest, home costs, health status and you may medical care utilization. It section is actually accomplished for the members of the family no matter years (N = 5150) from the head of one’s household or, in his/their absence, the latest earliest affiliate establish. The next part is given deal with-to-face to the people aged ?fifteen years and you may asked particularly about smoking and you can nasway play with, together with costs to the cigarette smoking and you will experience with the medical potential risks away from its explore. Interviews was in fact done with 1795 men and you can 1837 female.
Participants were classified because the current cigarette smokers or nasway pages if they indicated having smoked one cigarette otherwise used nasway at the the very least immediately following previously week. most other (Karakalpak, Russian, Tadjik, Tatar, Kazakh)], degree level [0–nine years (low), 10–11 (general supplementary), 12–fourteen (top-notch secondary), >14 (high)], marital condition (partnered, solitary, other) and newest profession (bodies personnel, non-regulators staff member, self-employed/business person, student, other [i.age. unemployed, retired]).
New questionnaire try pretested in 30 households and you will translated and you may back-interpreted so you’re able to Uzbek and you may Russian. Interviews was in fact conducted in both words by experienced interviewers. Quality control steps were performed regarding questionnaire (elizabeth.grams. examining to possess questionnaire completeness and you may programming and studies entryway precision). The fresh new questionnaire was authorized by the Ministry from Wellness off Uzbekistan and you can conducted in accordance with the Declaration out of Helsinki.
Research data
First-order analytics was indeed calculated in order to characterize new attempt and ascertain frequency rates out of newest puffing and you will nasway explore. Contacts is actually expressed just like the modified chances percentages (AORs) having relevant 95% rely on durations (CIs) obtained from logistic regression designs that taken into account new clustered character of the investigation (STATA to own Windows V10.0). Research were adjusted to take into account the new uneven likelihood of choices out of respondents due to having fun with a family as testing device and you will standard mistakes and you can CIs was in fact estimated properly. Post-stratification adjustment to own low-effect was not produced.
Performance
Overall, 38.1% of males and step 1.6% of women already consumed cig affairs. The fresh frequency off newest cig certainly dudes are 19.6% (CI = 17.8–21.6%), and you can 22.3% (CI = 20.6–24.5%) currently used nasway. Twenty percent out of cigarette smokers along with made use of nasway, and 17.5% off nasway pages as well as smoked. Among feminine, the new prices regarding puffing and nasway fool around with was in fact step one.1% and you can 0.5%, correspondingly. No women said co-use of the situations. Considering the suprisingly low prevalence away from using tobacco one of women, after that analyses are restricted to guys.
One of many smokers, 77% smoked each day, 18% weekly and 4% month-to-month, and you will one of nasway profiles 89% used day-after-day, 9% weekly and dos% monthly. Around, every (99.2%) cigarette smokers pick are produced tobacco, and simply 1.4% move their. Few (5%) cigarette smokers would be ready to switch to nasway even when tobacco cigarette prices twofold. Such a meeting, 20% wouldn’t alter the smoking models, 37% create make an effort to tobacco reduced, 21% carry out stop completely and sixteen% would change to a less costly brand name.
Each other types of application was in fact differentially written by ethnicity, many years, marital condition, studies height and you can job ( desk step one). The best puffing pricing have been certainly low-Uzbek dudes (twenty-five.6%; 18.3% certainly one of Uzbek guys), the individuals surviving in urban areas (32.4%), 35–54 year old (38.3%), hitched (twenty seven.4%), with high studies (twenty five.8%) and you will authorities functioning (30.1%). Nasway fool around with are highest one of Uzbek men (23.3%; 18.1% among low-Uzbek men), those people ProДЌitajte viЕЎe ovdje located in rural section (twenty-five.2%), 35–54 12 months olds (34.4%), partnered men (30.8%), those with standard supplementary training (25.6%) and you can low-government group (31.4%). The lowest pricing off smoking and you may nasway explore have been one of younger participants (age 15–24), solitary, people with low training and you may pupils.
Frequency (%) off current puffing and you may nasway use one of men for the Uzbekistan, and you can adjusted odds ratios (AOR) off multivariate logistic regression analyses (simple problems adjusted to possess 931 households/clusters)